,掌握高频词汇及其用法对提升阅读理解、翻译和写作能力至关重要,以下结合医学领域常考主题,精选核心词汇并附例句,帮助考生系统记忆与灵活运用。

医学考博英语核心词汇及例句
基础医学与病理学词汇
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Pathology [pəˈθɒlədʒi] n. 病理学
- 例句:The study of pathology helps us understand the mechanisms of disease.
(病理学研究帮助我们理解疾病的机制。)
- 例句:The study of pathology helps us understand the mechanisms of disease.
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Etiology [ˌiːtiˈɒlədʒi] n. 病因学
- 例句:The etiology of diabetes includes both genetic and environmental factors.
(糖尿病的病因包括遗传和环境因素。)
- 例句:The etiology of diabetes includes both genetic and environmental factors.
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Histopathology [ˌhɪstəpəˈθɒlədʒi] n. 组织病理学
- 例句:Histopathological examination is crucial for diagnosing cancer.
(组织病理学检查对癌症诊断至关重要。)
- 例句:Histopathological examination is crucial for diagnosing cancer.
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Metastasis [məˈtæstəsɪs] n. 转移(复数:metastases)
(图片来源网络,侵删)- 例句:Lung cancer often metastasizes to the brain and bones.
(肺癌常转移到大脑和骨骼。)
- 例句:Lung cancer often metastasizes to the brain and bones.
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Inflammation [ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn] n. 炎症
- 例句:Chronic inflammation is associated with many autoimmune diseases.
(慢性炎症与许多自身免疫性疾病相关。)
- 例句:Chronic inflammation is associated with many autoimmune diseases.
临床医学与诊断词汇
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Symptomatology [ˌsɪmptəməˈtɒlədʒi] n. 症状学
- 例句:The doctor analyzed the patient’s symptomatology to make a diagnosis.
(医生通过分析患者的症状学做出诊断。)
- 例句:The doctor analyzed the patient’s symptomatology to make a diagnosis.
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Prognosis [prɒɡˈnəʊsɪs] n. 预后
- 例句:The prognosis for early-stage breast cancer is generally favorable.
(早期乳腺癌的预后通常较好。)
- 例句:The prognosis for early-stage breast cancer is generally favorable.
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Differential diagnosis [ˌdɪfəˌrenʃl ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs] n. 鉴别诊断
(图片来源网络,侵删)- 例句:Differential diagnosis between influenza and COVID-19 requires PCR testing.
(流感和COVID-19的鉴别诊断需要PCR检测。)
- 例句:Differential diagnosis between influenza and COVID-19 requires PCR testing.
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Remission [rɪˈmɪʃn] n. 缓解,减轻
- 例句:The patient achieved remission after chemotherapy.
(患者化疗后病情缓解。)
- 例句:The patient achieved remission after chemotherapy.
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Complication [ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 并发症
- 例句:Diabetes can lead to complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy.
(糖尿病可能导致肾病和视网膜病变等并发症。)
- 例句:Diabetes can lead to complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy.
治疗与药物学词汇
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Therapeutics [ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪks] n. 治疗学,疗法
- 例句:The development of new therapeutics has improved survival rates in heart disease.
(新疗法的开发提高了心脏病患者的生存率。)
- 例句:The development of new therapeutics has improved survival rates in heart disease.
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Pharmacokinetics [ˌfɑːməkəʊkɪˈnetɪks] n. 药物动力学
- 例句:Pharmacokinetics studies how the body absorbs, distributes, and excretes drugs.
(药物动力学研究机体对药物的吸收、分布和排泄过程。)
- 例句:Pharmacokinetics studies how the body absorbs, distributes, and excretes drugs.
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Adverse reaction [ˌædvərs riˈækʃn] n. 不良反应
- 例句:Some patients experience adverse reactions to penicillin, such as rashes.
(一些患者对青霉素产生不良反应,如皮疹。)
- 例句:Some patients experience adverse reactions to penicillin, such as rashes.
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Dosage regimen [ˈdəʊsɪdʒ ˈredʒɪmen] n. 给药方案
- 例句:The dosage regimen for antibiotics must be strictly followed to avoid resistance.
(抗生素的给药方案必须严格遵守以避免耐药性。)
- 例句:The dosage regimen for antibiotics must be strictly followed to avoid resistance.
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Immunotherapy [ˌɪmjənəʊˈθerəpi] n. 免疫疗法
- 例句:Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma.
(免疫疗法彻底改变了晚期黑色素瘤的治疗。)
- 例句:Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma.
医学研究与统计词汇
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Cohort study [ˈkəʊhɒt ˈstʌdi] n. 队列研究
- 例句:A cohort study was conducted to investigate the link between smoking and lung cancer.
(一项队列研究旨在探讨吸烟与肺癌之间的关联。)
- 例句:A cohort study was conducted to investigate the link between smoking and lung cancer.
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Placebo [pləˈsiːbəʊ] n. 安慰剂
- 例句:The control group received a placebo to compare with the experimental drug.
(对照组接受安慰剂,以与实验药物进行比较。)
- 例句:The control group received a placebo to compare with the experimental drug.
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Randomized controlled trial (RCT) [ˈrændəmaɪzd kənˈtrəʊld traɪl] n. 随机对照试验
- 例句:RCTs are considered the gold standard for evaluating medical interventions.
(随机对照试验被认为是评估医学干预措施的金标准。)
- 例句:RCTs are considered the gold standard for evaluating medical interventions.
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Statistical significance [stəˈtɪstɪkəl sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns] n. 统计学显著性
- 例句:The results showed a statistical significance (p<0.05) between the two groups.
(结果显示两组间存在统计学显著性(p<0.05)。)
- 例句:The results showed a statistical significance (p<0.05) between the two groups.
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Meta-analysis [ˌmetəəˈnæləsɪs] n. 元分析
- 例句:A meta-analysis of multiple trials confirmed the efficacy of the vaccine.
(多项试验的元分析证实了该疫苗的有效性。)
- 例句:A meta-analysis of multiple trials confirmed the efficacy of the vaccine.
人体系统与解剖学词汇
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Cardiovascular [ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ(r)] adj. 心血管的
- 例句:Regular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
(定期运动可降低心血管疾病的风险。)
- 例句:Regular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Gastrointestinal [ˌɡæstrəʊɪnˈtestɪnl] adj. 胃肠的
- 例句:The patient presented with gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and vomiting.
(患者出现恶心、呕吐等胃肠道症状。)
- 例句:The patient presented with gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and vomiting.
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Neurological [ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl] adj. 神经系统的
- 例句:A neurological examination revealed abnormalities in the patient’s reflexes.
(神经系统检查显示患者反射异常。)
- 例句:A neurological examination revealed abnormalities in the patient’s reflexes.
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Hematopoietic [ˌhemətəʊpɔɪˈetɪk] adj. 造血的
- 例句:Bone marrow transplantation is used to treat hematopoietic disorders.
(骨髓移植用于治疗造血系统疾病。)
- 例句:Bone marrow transplantation is used to treat hematopoietic disorders.
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Endocrine [ˈendəkraɪn] adj. 内分泌的
- 例句:Diabetes is a common endocrine disorder affecting glucose metabolism.
(糖尿病是影响葡萄糖代谢的常见内分泌疾病。)
- 例句:Diabetes is a common endocrine disorder affecting glucose metabolism.
医学考博英语词汇速查表
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pathology | n. | 病理学 | The study of pathology helps us understand disease mechanisms. |
| Prognosis | n. | 预后 | The prognosis for early-stage cancer is generally favorable. |
| Pharmacokinetics | n. | 药物动力学 | Pharmacokinetics studies drug absorption and excretion in the body. |
| Cohort study | n. | 队列研究 | Cohort studies are useful for investigating risk factors. |
| Cardiovascular | adj. | 心血管的 | Lifestyle changes can prevent cardiovascular diseases. |
相关问答FAQs
Q1: 如何高效记忆医学考博英语词汇?
A1: 记忆医学词汇需结合“语境+词根词缀+重复复习”,通过阅读医学文献(如《柳叶刀》《新英格兰医学杂志》)积累词汇在真实语境中的用法;掌握常见词根(如“patho-”表示疾病、“cardio-”表示心脏)和词缀(如“-itis”表示炎症、“-ectomy”表示切除术),可快速推测词义;利用艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线制定复习计划,通过单词卡片、例句仿写等方式巩固记忆,避免孤立背诵单词表。
Q2: 医学考博英语词汇在考试中如何应用?
A2: 医学考博英语词汇的应用需结合题型特点:在阅读理解中,通过病理学、临床诊断等高频词汇定位关键信息(如“metastasis”“prognosis”常出现在病例分析题);在翻译部分,需注意医学术语的准确性(如“differential diagnosis”译为“鉴别诊断”而非“差异诊断”);在写作中,可使用“etiology”“therapeutics”等词汇提升专业性,例如描述疾病机制时用“The etiology involves...”,阐述治疗时用“Recent advances in therapeutics include...”,需注意词汇的搭配(如“adverse reaction to drugs”而非“adverse reaction with drugs”),避免中式英语。
