真题回顾
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

New, artificial intelligence-inspired technologies can help collect data on children’s learning disabilities, but [46] using them also raises new ethical issues that need to be addressed: what if the data collected through these technologies is used to categorize children in ways that have negative consequences for them? or to create commercial products that target them? or to deny them access to certain opportunities? [47] These issues are among the many that social scientists, ethicists, and data scientists are working to address, as they are also racing to build the very systems that are raising these issues.[48] This tension is compounded by the fact that the developers of these AI systems are often not fully aware of the ethical implications of their own creations, or are not equipped to address them adequately.[49] Moreover, these technologies have the potential to make a real difference in the fields of education and medicine, and to help people in need.[50] So, it is a critical moment for these communities to come together to work on solutions—before the problems become entrenched.**”
逐句翻译与解析
[46] using them also raises new ethical issues that need to be addressed: what if the data collected through these technologies is used to categorize children in ways that have negative consequences for them? or to create commercial products that target them? or to deny them access to certain opportunities?
【参考译文】 使用这些技术也带来了新的、亟待解决的伦理问题:如果通过这些技术收集到的数据被用来对儿童进行分类,并给他们带来负面影响怎么办?或者被用来制造针对他们的商业产品怎么办?或者被用来剥夺他们获得某些机会的权利怎么办?
【结构解析】
- 主干结构:
using them also raises new ethical issues...,这是一个现在分词短语作主语的句子,核心是“raises new ethical issues”(带来新的伦理问题)。 - 定语从句:
that need to be addressed是一个定语从句,修饰ethical issues,说明这些问题是“亟待解决的”。 - 同位语从句:冒号后面的部分
what if...是对new ethical issues的具体解释和举例,是同位语从句,列举了三个具体的、潜在的负面用途。 - 平行结构:
or to create... or to deny...是一个平行结构,与前文的to categorize...并列,使三个“怎么办”的句式整齐,增强了语气。
【翻译难点与技巧】

- "ethical issues": 直译是“伦理问题”,在上下文中译为“伦理问题”或“道德问题”均可。
- "that need to be addressed": “需要被解决的”略显生硬,结合语境,译为“亟待解决的”或“需要加以应对的”更符合中文表达习惯。
- "categorize children in ways that have negative consequences for them": 这个结构比较长。
categorize意为“分类,归类”。in ways that...是方式状语,可以拆解为“用……的方式对儿童进行分类”,这个方式会带来负面影响,整合起来就是“被用来对儿童进行分类,并给他们带来负面影响”。 - "target them": “针对他们”,这里指商业产品专门设计来向儿童推销或利用儿童。
- "deny them access to...": “剥夺他们获得……的机会/权利”。“Access”在这里译为“机会”或“权利”比“进入”更贴切。
[47] These issues are among the many that social scientists, ethicists, and data scientists are working to address, as they are also racing to build the very systems that are raising these issues.
【参考译文】 这些问题是社会科学家、伦理学家和数据科学家们致力于解决的众多问题之一,因为他们也正在争分夺秒地构建恰恰引发这些问题的系统。
【结构解析】
- 主干结构:
These issues are among the many...,核心是“这些问题是众多问题之一”。 - 定语从句1:
that social scientists, ethicists, and data scientists are working to address,修饰the many,说明是“社会科学家等正在致力于解决的问题”。 - 原因状语从句:
as they are also racing to build...,as在这里表示“因为,由于”。they指代前面的科学家们。 - 定语从句2:
that are raising these issues,修饰the very systems,说明是“引发这些问题的系统”。 - 强调词:
the very是一个强调词,用来加强语气,表示“就是那个,恰恰是”,翻译时需要体现这种强调意味,可以用“恰恰”、“正是”等词。
【翻译难点与技巧】
- "among the many": “众多问题之一”,这是一个非常地道的中文表达。
- "working to address": “致力于解决”或“努力应对”,比“工作去解决”更书面化。
- "racing to build":
race在这里是动词,意为“(为……而)快速行动,争分夺秒”。racing to build生动地描绘了科学家们快速开发新技术的紧迫感,译为“争分夺秒地构建”非常传神。 - "the very systems": 如前所述,
the very是强调,译为“恰恰就是这些系统”或“正是这些系统”,能准确传达原文的意味。
[48] This tension is compounded by the fact that the developers of these AI systems are often not fully aware of the ethical implications of their own creations, or are not equipped to address them adequately.
【参考译文】 这种紧张关系由于以下事实而加剧:这些人工智能系统的开发者常常没有充分意识到其自身创造物的伦理影响,或者没有足够的能力来妥善应对这些问题。

【结构解析】
- 主干结构:
This tension is compounded by the fact that...,核心是“这种紧张关系被……加剧了”。 - 同位语从句:
that the developers...是the fact的同位语从句,解释了“事实”的具体内容。 - 同位语从句内部结构:
...are not fully aware of..., or are not equipped to address them...,这是一个由or连接的并列结构,说明了开发者面临的两种困境:一是“没有意识到”,二是“没有能力解决”。
【翻译难点与技巧】
- "This tension": “这种紧张关系”,这里的
tension指的是前文提到的“构建有益系统”与“引发伦理问题”之间的矛盾和冲突,是一种内在的张力,译为“紧张关系”或“矛盾”都可以。 - "is compounded by the fact that...":
compound意为“使(问题等)更复杂,加剧”,这个结构可以处理为“由于……事实,这种紧张关系加剧了”或者“这种紧张关系因……而加剧”,后者更简洁。 - "ethical implications": “伦理影响”或“伦理含义”。
- "their own creations": “他们自己的创造物”或“他们自己的产品”。
- "are not equipped to address them":
be equipped to do sth.意为“有足够的能力/资源做某事”,这里是否定形式,指“没有足够的能力妥善应对”。
[49] Moreover, these technologies have the potential to make a real difference in the fields of education and medicine, and to help people in need.
【参考译文】 这些技术在教育和医疗领域有潜力带来切实的改变,并且能够帮助有需要的人。
【结构解析】
- 主干结构:
these technologies have the potential to...,核心是“这些技术有潜力做某事”。 - 并列不定式:
to make a real difference... and to help people...是两个并列的不定式短语,说明技术的潜力所在。 - 插入语:
in need是后置定语,修饰people,意为“有需要的,贫困的”。
【翻译难点与技巧】
- "Moreover": “而且”,表示递进关系。
- "have the potential to": “有潜力去……”。
- "make a real difference": 这是一个固定搭配,意为“产生重大影响,带来切实的改变”。
real在这里起强调作用,译为“切实的”或“真正的”。 - "people in need": “有需要的人”或“弱势群体”,在这里直译为“有需要的人”即可。
[50] So, it is a critical moment for these communities to come together to work on solutions—before the problems become entrenched.
【参考译文】 现在是这些领域的专家们团结起来共同寻找解决方案的关键时刻——我们必须在问题根深蒂固之前采取行动。
【结构解析】
- 主干结构:
it is a critical moment...,这是一个it作形式主语的句型,真正的主语是to come together...。 - 真正主语:
for these communities to come together to work on solutions。for these communities是不定式的逻辑主语。 - 时间状语:
before the problems become entrenched是一个时间状语从句,说明了采取行动的紧迫性。
【翻译难点与技巧】
- "it is a critical moment for sb. to do sth.": 这是一个经典句型,意为“做某事是关键时刻”。
- "these communities":
communities在这里不是指“社区”,而是指“(学术或专业)群体、界”,根据上下文,指代前面的社会科学家、伦理学家、数据科学家等,译为“这些领域的专家们”或“这些群体”都可以。 - "come together": “团结起来,走到一起”。
- "work on solutions": “研究解决方案”或“寻找解决方案”。
- "entrenched": 这个词是关键,意为“(思想、制度等)根深蒂固的,确立了的”。
become entrenched意味着问题变得难以解决,已经成为一个顽疾,翻译时需要传达这种严重性,译为“根深蒂固”非常准确,破折号后的内容可以处理成一个补充说明,强调紧迫性,如“——我们必须在问题根深蒂固之前采取行动”。
总结与升华
2025年的这篇翻译文章主题鲜明,探讨了人工智能技术在教育等领域的应用所带来的机遇与挑战,核心矛盾在于技术发展的速度与伦理思考的深度之间的“张力”。
- 逻辑清晰:文章结构是“提出问题(46) -> 分析矛盾(47, 48) -> 肯定价值(49) -> 呼吁行动(50)”,逻辑链条非常完整。
- 语言特点:句子结构复杂,从句嵌套(定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句)较多,长难句是翻译的重点和难点,用词精准,如
tension,compounded,entrenched等词都需要仔细揣摩其深层含义。 - 翻译要点:
- 拆解长难句:准确识别主干和修饰成分,尤其是各种从句的功能。
- 理解核心词义:结合上下文,选择最贴切的中文词汇,避免字对字的生硬翻译。
- 处理英语特色结构:如
it作形式主语、the very强调、平行结构等,要将其转化为符合中文习惯的表达。 - 把握整体语气:原文既有对问题的忧虑,也有对未来的期许,翻译时要体现出这种客观而略带紧迫感的语气。
希望这份详细的解析对你有帮助!
